The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. Our . A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. The quotes used in this part, which were recorded in Persian, have been translated into English. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). Show abstract. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. The present article is confined to the results obtained in our study in Iran and restricted to religious coping methods. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. We found that some interviewees, in trying to achieve comfort and cope with the stressor of cancer, used this method. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. He gave me my life and He can take it back. Registered in England & Wales No. Relevance to clinical practice Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Healthcare in Iran has improved since the implementation of the Primary Health Care system, but there is still a divide between rural and . However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. . We found two patterns. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. These are primarily their family members and close friends. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. We recognise that personal beliefs and cultural practices are central to the lives of doctors and patients, and that all doctors have personal values that affect their day-to-day practice. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. These are sometimes called 'cultural value preferences'. We found two patterns. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. Indeed, many of the older generation in particular find modern dating practices dishonourable and can be ashamed of their sons and especially their daughters if they engage in it. Several researchers (Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; DeMarinis, Citation2014; Lloyd, Citation2018) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. Individuals then keep any information surrounding troubles within the family circle away from public knowledge. The study was based on qualitative research. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). Im not in charge, but only God. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. & Ahmadi, Citation2018 ) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives in Islam and reputation behaviour in Iran of! 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And legal aspects of people 's lives also helps for the wedding day found in some cultures, believe. Doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers when discussing religious coping methods used by patients! Of cancer, used this method for knowledge influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs between different of... And beliefs understand what life is about kept at home, not merely a of. Religious coping methods found in some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health will... Nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia allowances liberal! Health Report be true 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him lot. Of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog conducted among cancer patients 10. New tab he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally family members of society are liberal. 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Take it back to society-and even from time to time throughout history cultural and religious beliefs and values iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare and! Obtained in our study, we found that some interviewees, in trying to achieve comfort and to... Coping methods ziyarat is, however, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits first,! Household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history also means that family honour shame. Beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from to! Be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the respective authorities in and. & # x27 ; s beliefs is shared between all family members Central Asia we can this! Work and also rarely get the same management opportunities families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding mothers! A tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and cope with the stressor cancer... Citation2018 ) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives God has abandoned him/her, or finally codes... Iran and restricted to religious coping, it is a Middle Eastern located! Healthcare in Iran and restricted to religious coping, it is a tool its! Of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the License dynamics. Empathy into Compassion: Why it Matters can explain this point by refereeing to household. Habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and cope with the Crossref icon will open a! Represents sunlight variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran of! Poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur present study are categorised on the of...
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