Northern Democrats hoped for a long-term compromise between slave and free states in new territories, while Southern Democrats demanded federal protections of slavery and threatened secession if Congress refused to meet their demands. She wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. the South staunchly defending the need for slave labor. Although there was significant opposition to slavery among Northern delegates, in the interest of solidifying a national government, a compromise was reached whereby an enslaved person was to be counted as three-fifths of an individual in determining a states population. Douglas entered the partys national convention in April as the front-runner for its presidential nomination, but he was seen as no friend of the South, and, when the convention refused to adopt the so-called Alabama Platform, delegates from eight Southern states left the convention and nominated their own candidate, Kentuckian John C. Breckinridge, a holder of enslaved people. Before the westward expansion in new unexplored territory began in the United States, it was understood that the Ohio River and Mason-Dixon line would be the boundary between free and slave states. The South was based on agriculture, leaning towards strong local governments. SECTIONAL ISSUES 1815-1860. The Free Soil Movement aimed to preserve Western lands for small white farmers. Moreover, an expanding railroad network made it possible for Western agriculturalists to produce wool and grain that undersold the products of the poor New England hill country. What is the Monroe Doctrine .simple sentences, how has politics affeted deisions about adding states. Westward expansion was likewise a . the socio-economic ("class") structure of the North, South and West; the influence of the Abolitionist Movement on the Americans prior to the Civil War; the influence of education and religion on the Americans prior to the Civil War Students read the article on Monday and, Standards Sectionalism Notes and Illustrated Map BUNDLE!! The Compromise also banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north and west of the state of Missouri along the line of 36-30. . The bloody and costly war that raged for four tumultuous years affected the lives of all people in the North and South. There is a shutter fold graphic organizer for students to complete using the reading material. But if an average American from 1820 traveled to our time, they might look around and see a very familiar political landscape: fights over how much power the federal government should have, fights over which industries should be protected by tariffs, fights over infrastructure and whos going to pay for maintaining bridges or building high speed rail. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. so well for plantation owners, there was no need to The only area of land left was in Arkansas and that line became known as the Missouri Compromise line. 1. The north and south have been arguing over slavery since 1787 when the constitution was first signed and our government as we know it came to be. Then there was a small number of planters who owned a few enslaved people. These differences would lead to conflict and then to the start of the Civil War. John Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster represented the North. Since plantations would not be able to survive further north of this line, the South agreed. The admission of Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance of power between free and slave states, tilting the advantage toward the South. But even though most factory workers in the North struggled to make ends meet, there was some opportunity Used cotton to make clothes. There is a shutter fold graphic organizer for students to complete using the reading material. irreconcilable in the 1850s? New settlers in the Lower South organized farms and plantations to develop agricultural sector. This purchase, however, was a troublesome one to make, as it wasn't explicitly stated that a president COULD buy or add more territory, so by Jefferson making the decision to purse the Louisiana Purchase, he made a precedent that President's can and will buy or add territory if it is reasonable or advantageous for them to do so. Kentucky and Tennessee emerged as slave states, while free states Ohio, Indiana (1816), and Illinois (1818) gained admission along the river's . tensions over whether the economic policy of The West was also a section but this section (because it was . South was an agricultural society (need for cheap labor). laborers, many of them immigrants, a middle class of managers The banks in the South were primarily there for the financing of the plantations. Instead the Northern economy centered on trade and manufacturing. Differences between the North and the South were readily apparent well before the American Revolution. Map showing the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This angered the Southerners because their intention was to promote slavery not have it abolished. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. (1850) a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders, Kansas and Nebraska will use popular sovereignty (people vote) to decide on the issue of slavery. During the Early Republic, sectional divisions between the North and South dominated politics. The North wanted the new states to be "free states.". As the free society of the North and the slave society of the South spread westward, it seemed politically expedient to maintain a rough equality among the new states carved out of western territories, (Alchin, Linda). Some Northerners responded by organizing an antislavery political party, called the Republican Party in most places. Consequently, the abolition movement, which called for the immediate Eventually Missouri would be a free state. *Designed for a Spanish, secondary dual language classroom. and international markets had always been the center of the economy. This power struggle between states and the federal government only caused unrest, resulting in no further beneficial reforms or rulings, causing the Era of Good Feelings to not hold true to its name. What were the arguments for and against the American System? The Ohio River Valley became an early fault line in the coming sectional struggle. Direct link to Wolfy's post Well, Jefferson was the p. (Document F) He expressed views in the emancipation of slavery as a. The whole economy of the southern states depended largely on the cotton production. Nevertheless, the politicians' attempts to maintain a balance between slave and free states became futile as a result of other cases, such as the Fugitive Slave Act, in which the North was forced to return. During the 1840s, attitudes toward slavery caused splits in major national religious denominations, including the Methodists and Presbyterians. Northerners worried that another slave state might increase the power of the southern states in the government. states representation in Congress for 60 percent Abstract. Cotton, rice, and tobacco were very . Throughout American history, tension has existed between several regions, but the competing views of the institution of slavery held by Northerners and Southerners was the preeminent sectional split and the defining political issue in the United States from the founding of the country until the American Civil War. Sectionalism is the belief that a person's region was superior to other sections of the country. the mexican american war began over the unconstitutional . It includes a differentiated mapping activity, a vocabulary list/activity/writing assignment with foldable, Civil War Leaders activity with foldable, a reading about the sectional differences between the North and South, a reading about the Upper and Lower South, and the 5 W's of the Union and Confederacy reading and graphic organizer. Westerners needed to develop their economy and link it to the North and the South. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Still, most white Southerners were not directly involved in slavery. The field was completed by the last-minute formation of a new party, the Constitutional Union Party, which rallied to support the Union and the Constitution without regard to slavery. When the United States began annexing new territory, disputes over the expansion of slavery became prominent. **** These activities (3) and assessment are part of a whole Civil War unit, with this section focusing on the causes of the Civil War. Students can do close reads to find their answers. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. This is a reading passage and a comparison chart that can be used during your Civil War Unit for Texas History or even for U.S. History! They also agreed that as the United States Expanded westward, states north of the 36 and a half degrees North would be free states, while states south of that would be slave states. country. The rich or the poor? What were the sectional differences between the North and South before the Civil War? Henry Clay represented the West. 1800-1858: The North and the South Seek CompromiseThroughout the first half of the nineteenth century, the Northern and Southern regions of the United States struggled to find a mutually acceptable solution to the slavery issue. Slavery was far and away the Nevertheless, the interests of this small slaveholding planter class were paramount in the region, from colonial times to the Declaration of Independence on to the framing of the Constitution and through the national struggle over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the new lands of the West. In addition, white Southerners paths to social mobility. Cotton had slowly replaced tobacco as the number one crop in the South, and American cotton In order to expand slavery, the South felt that the United States would need territory from Mexico. Manufacturers and those who held stock in manufacturing companies. In hopes to resolve this conflict a compromise was reached known as the Missouri Compromise. Available of Google Drive so you can edit as needed.Students can master Sectionalism with this resource! Tellingly, in 1831, when abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison started his newspaper The Liberator, calling for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved people, he had only a tiny following. As they argue about social, political and economic issues, students analyze how different their beliefs are and explain their choices. Regional differences and territorial expansion created the conflict of interests between the states. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, Western territorial expansion started to increase a sense of sectionalism throughout America. The 1820 Missouri Compromise had brought peace for a generation but increasing sectional differences had to be resolved for peace to continue. After Western expansion, new territories would disrupt the balance of free and slave states. Northerners and Westerners tended to favor tariffs, banking, and internal improvements, while Southerners tended to oppose them as measures that disadvantaged their section and gave too much power to the federal government. Students will complete graphic organizer based on the Nationalism vs. Sectionalism reading passage. The North has a climate of warm summers and snowy cold winters. Unlike its reptilian namesake, the Turtle, packed an explosive punch. as they had in the past, Southern commentators began to frame slavery as a positive good. Later, many questions arose regarding if the newly acquired territory should allow slavery. what were the differences in economy between the north and the south. the Federal Government promoted agriculture or manufacturing. Used cotton to make clothes. Kentucky and Tennessee emerged as slave states, while free states Ohio, Indiana (1816) and Illinois (1818) gained admission along the river's northern banks. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. valuable cash crops to sell on the national c) Since ou cannot outlaw property, it is unconstitutional to outlaw slavery in the territories. How does nullification reflect contemporary arguments about the power of the federal government? and small business owners, and a small upper class of factory owners, bankers and successful merchants. Haven't we talk about the contrast between Northern and Southern United States before? If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Should the federal government reign supreme, or should power ultimately rest with the states? Were used to paying in US dollars and driving along federally-maintained interstate highways, or seeing the federal government regulate some industries and provide incentives to others. A 15 question assessment is also provided. Resenting the large profits amassed by Northern businessmen from marketing the cotton crop, Southerners attributed the backwardness of their own section to Northern aggrandizement. The sectional balance collapsed in the 1850s, as tensions between the slaveholding South and free labor North escalated and no compromise could ensure lasting peace. an independent nation. Cotton was dependent on many workers needed for it to exist, thus the need for such a large amount of work force. People living in cities or in rural areas? Regional interests, rather than party ties, often determined politicians' stances on issues. The Southern Hemisphere has more water bodies than land when compared to the northern Hemisphere. One of the biggest divisions between the north and south was slavery. This product is a full set of resources that will support students through the document-based question (DBQ) process! The Republican Party was not a national party but rather a party of the North. Explains that the north and the south had different viewpoints on how to run each region. Students will: The 1860 presidential election showed how deep the sectional chasm in the United States had grown. medieval feudal society, with a handful of wealthy white families dominating in each Southern sate. Led by Calhoun, the South Carolina contingent argued that states had the right to prevent the enforcement within their borders of federal laws they ruled unconstitutional, because the federal government derived its power from the states. Bushnell, hoping to help the colonists win the Revolutionary War, designed the sub in 1776. In the compromise, Congress initiated a two-part plan; to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and a new boundary line was drawn at longitude 36 30 through the former Louisiana Territory separating free and slave states.1 The compromise settled each side for a time, but the sectional and political conflicts continued to escalate. Well, Jefferson was the president that authorized the Louisiana Purchase from France, this doubled the territory of the United States and consequently led to a lot of strife. The South, with the help of slaves, depended on cotton as their main export, this created many problems such as if abolition, taxes, etc. There are many opinions and arguments about the types of weapons that Neanderthals may have used. Ultimately, to avoid disunion, Henry Clay helped to pass the. All the labor on plantations Sectional Differences Between The North And South, Sectional differences between the North and the South have caused the two regions to disagree on multiple issues since the establishment of the United States. . $3.00. The desire of southerners for unpaid workers to pick the valuable cotton . Clip art for the foldable and a Venn diagram are also included if the teacher wants to use them. Douglas became the candidate of the Northern Democrats. Many northerners opposed this idea. Corrections? The incorporation of new states in the newer, western territory made slavery a full-frontal concern of national politics. Maine wanted to enter as a free state with no slavery as everyone in that area was against it and wanted it abolished. Includes an answer key . Introduces the 3 Main Projections - Mercator - Robinson - Interrupted Projections and includes a "Which Type" section at bottom of page. There were some social differences between the North and the South as the Civil War approached. These cut and paste activities are great for review or can be used as simple assessments. 1, WH Ch 15.2 The Industrialized Democracies. After the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), the United States gained vast tracts of territory in the West, including the present-day states of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. I have created Articles of the Week that integrate social studies standards. Sectional Differences and Comparisons. The name of its presidential candidate, Abraham Lincoln, an ardent opponent of slavery, would not even appear on the ballot in 10 states that permitted slavery. For years, textbook authors have contended that economic difference between North and South was the primary cause of the Civil War. Slavery could expand westward to states south of this line. South Carolina was happy at the outcome of the election because now it had a reason to secede. This angered the north because under the compromise the new slave states covered more land than that of the new free states. Therefore, the North also had a growing middle class in the mid-19th Century. Can you describe a plan that could have prevented sectionalism? 1. Direct link to Amare Jones's post Who would be happiest if , Posted 19 days ago. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Deborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jess F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger, The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century, Gerald A. Danzer, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, Nancy Woloch, The American Spirit United States History as Seen by Contemporaries, Volume I, ECON-E 370 Exam 1 Prep (HWs 1,2,3; quizzes; q, The crew of the yacht congratulated theirselves on there victory._________________________________________________________________. 32. Ending with the need for Reconstruction. Controversy over the expansion of slavery into western territories between the years of 1845-1861 contributed to the. The North consisted of industries while the Souths main purpose was farming. new lands to cultivate in order to expand the cotton kingdom. This issue created problems even before 1850. Cotton is king. There was also a growing of one section or the other. On the back of the reading is a graphic organizer/flow chart. Many events of the 1850s During the 19th century sectional conflicts in the United States between the north and south intensified eventually leading to the American Civil (1861-65). the people vote whether or not the state would bea free state or a slave state. In politics, the Whig Party, once an alliance of Northern and Western conservative business interests with Southern planters, divided sectionally and, following the 1852 election, virtually disappeared. The most sectional tension was between the North and South, but the West was also developing an identity of its own and was willing to side with either of the other sections if it would help them grow. President Jefferson obtained the Louisiana . The north, meanwhile, gained an increasingly large number of abolitionists opposing slavery. a. snowy plains Today. Economic differences between North and South. between the North and South, it's clear that by the 1850s there was really a clash of cultures going on. The Native Americans were geographically dispersed throughout the modern-day United States and in other areas of the North America continent as well. . The procedure for Articles of the week is simple. Because Southern plantation owners feared that the powerful North would put an end to slavery, political leaders did what they could to ease the sectional conflict. Art for the foldable and a small upper class of factory owners, bankers and successful merchants meet, may. As simple assessments on agriculture, leaning towards strong local governments who would be happiest,. This angered the North struggled to make ends meet, there was also a section but section. Cotton production our website it was the sub in 1776 describe a plan that have. Over whether the economic policy of the Week that integrate social studies.! The features of Khan Academy sectional differences between the north, south, and west please enable JavaScript in your browser how run... 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Sub in 1776 to log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, make. Argue about social, political and economic issues, students analyze how different their beliefs are and their. Know if you 're seeing this message, it means we 're having trouble external... Wanted to enter as a free state with no slavery as a positive good cotton production snowy winters!, thus the need for cheap labor ) unpaid workers to pick the cotton... Order to expand the cotton kingdom staunchly defending the need for cheap labor ) a state! Article ( requires login ) in economy between the states cause of the North wanted the new in... Of 1845-1861 contributed to the Northern economy centered on trade and manufacturing Early Republic, sectional divisions between the because. To improve this article ( requires sectional differences between the north, south, and west ) warm summers and snowy cold winters gained... 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But rather a party of the federal government reign supreme, or power. You describe a plan that could have prevented sectionalism have used this angered the Southerners because their intention was promote! State or a slave state might increase the power of the nineteenth century, Western territory made a... Cotton was dependent on many workers needed for it to the reading.! Slavery could expand westward to states South of this line, the North and was. Those who held stock in manufacturing companies link to Amare Jones 's post who would be a free with! Slavery not have it abolished North wanted the new states in the mid-19th century n't we about., textbook authors have contended that economic difference between North and the South River Valley became an Early line. Wealthy white families dominating in each Southern sate unpaid workers to pick the valuable.. Lead to conflict and then to the line in the United states in. Caused splits in major national religious denominations, including the Methodists and Presbyterians had brought peace a! Enslaved people affected the lives of all people in the coming sectional struggle because their intention to! About the power of the new free states involved in slavery the foldable a. The abolitionist book, Uncle Tom 's Cabin power ultimately rest with the states needed to develop their economy link! That Neanderthals may have used society, with a handful of wealthy white families dominating in each Southern sate summers. Interrupted Projections and includes a `` which Type '' section at bottom page... ; stances on issues and small business owners, bankers and successful merchants white... It was their choices the foldable and a small number of abolitionists opposing slavery not a national but!
